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Many Malay clans therefore use Karo clan names.

The Malays in this area use clan names, called marga, to specify if they come from the Karo or Simalungun clan, which are Muslim. The Malay people group in North Sumatra is not actually an ethnic group, but rather a culture influenced by Islam. Other people groups also live there, including the Jawa, Nias, Mandailing and Tionghoa (Chinese Indonesians). Traditional benzoin garden management represents only a low-intensity disturbance and maintains an ecological structure that allows effective accumulation of forest species over the long term.Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra) is the homeland of both the Batak ethnic group who live in the mountains and the Melayu (Malay) people who live on the eastern coast. Tree species diversity in abandoned gardens was similar to that in primary forest, but endemic species and species characteristic of mature habitats were less common. Although benzoin management requires that competing vegetation be thinned, these activities are not intensive, allowing species that coppice to remain in the garden and thereby reducing the effects of competitive exclusion mechanisms on species composition. Ecological information was also collected from abandoned benzoin garden and primary forest areas for purposes of comparison.

Forty-five gardens were chosen for study in two Northern Sumatra villages, where data on management practices and ecological structure were gathered. This study is an attempt to determine the impact of benzoin garden management on forest structure, species composition, and diversity. Styrax paralleloneurun, a forest-canopy tree species that produces benzoin, an aromatic resin, is cultivated in such a system. In recent years, research on tropical forest conservation has increasingly focused on traditional management systems as a means of achieving a balance between conservation and development.